Facts about Laser





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Vegetable Battery

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The energy for the battery comes from the chemical change in the zinc (or other metal) when it dissolves into the acid. The energy does not come from the lemon or potato. The zinc is oxidized inside the lemon, exchanging some of its electrons with the acid in order to reach a lower energy state, and the energy released provides the power. In current practice, zinc is produced by electrowinning of zinc sulfate reduction of zinc with carbon, which requires an energy input. The energy produced in the lemon battery comes from reversing this reaction, recovering some of the energy input during the zinc production.
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Cell Cycle part 2

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Now the cell should have double the amount DNA after interphase. The next phase is m-phase. The m-phase consists of mitosis (separation of 1 cell nucleus to 2 nuclei) and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division or whole cell division). There are 4 steps in mitosis. To help understand this concept, I will explain the structure of a chromosome. A chromosome is formed during mitosis to help in nuclear division. A chromosome has two sides, each side is a copy of the other(interphase), therefore, each side separates into its own nucleus so the new cell has an exact copy of the parent cell's DNA. The first phase is called prophase. During prophase, the chromosomes become visible from chromatin and the nucleolus disappears. The next phase is called metaphase. Here, the chromosomes line up in the center and fibers called spindle fiber attach to the chromosomes centromere from both sides. The next step, anaphase, the spindle fibers pull on the chromosomes where each copy is separated to either s...
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How do pain relievers work? What is pain?

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A normal and healthy person would feel pain. To alert the person that he is in pain there are special pain alerters which are nerves called nociceptors. When we feel pain, we hit our nociceptors alerting us to do something about the pain . Sometimes when cells get damages they give out certain chemicals tune your pain threshold. One of the chemicals is arachidonic acid this acid gets reacted with two enzymes produced in the body COX1 and COX2 creating prostaglandins. Prostaglandins give out some other enzymes which increase body temperature, cause inflammation, and decrease the pain threshold. This would mean when a person just touching something would feel pain. Aspirin, a pain reliever, blocks and prevents the reaction of arachidonic acid by blocking the active site of the enzymes also known as the reaction center. Aspirin is a permanent pain reliever whereas ibuprofen is a temporary pain reliever as it can be thrown away by the enzymes. But it can h...
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