How does graphite conduct electricity ?

Graphite can conduct electricity due to the vast electron delocalization (delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule, ion or solid metal that are not associated with a single atom or one covalent bond) within the carbon layers (a phenomenon called aromaticity). These valence electrons are free to move, so are able to conduct electricity. However, the electricity is primarily conducted within the plane of the layers. The conductive properties of powdered graphite allowed its use as a semiconductor substitute in early carbon microphones.

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